What is a tourbillon?
The tourbillon, invented by Breguet in 1795 and patented in 1801, derives its name from the French word “whirlwind.” This term accurately describes the fascinating movement of the tourbillon mechanism.
A tourbillon (Technically it doesn’t add any functionality to the watch, it’s just a movement modification of the highest magnitude) is a special feature of high-quality mechanical watches that offers additional functions complexity to their movements. Tourbillon watches were originally developed in the age of pocket watches and are known for their exquisite craftsmanship. However, they are also more expensive compared to watches without this function.
Identifying a Real Tourbillon Watch
If you want to quickly identify a genuine tourbillon watch, it is important to understand what it looks like. Many people confuse a tourbillon with a semi-skeletonized dial that reveals a visible balance wheel known as an “open heart.” So when looking at a watch, be careful not to confuse an open heart design with a true tourbillon.
How does a tourbillon watch work?
The mechanics of a tourbillon watch are fascinating. Certain components of the watch’s internal mechanism, such as the balance wheel and escapement, are housed in a rotating cage. The escapement itself consists of a hairspring, balance wheel and anchor. The tourbillon watch rotates this cage slowly, usually at a rate of 1 revolution per minute (1 rpm). This rotation counteracts the negative effects of gravity, which can affect the watch’s accuracy in certain positions. Essentially, the tourbillon helps improve the precision of the watch and correct any positioning errors.
Types of vertebrae
There are different types of tourbillons, each with its unique characteristics:
- Double and Tri-Axis Tourbillon: A multi-axis tourbillon features a cage that rotates around more than one axis. In a three-axis tourbillon, the cage rotates around three different axes, whereas in a dual-axis tourbillon it only rotates around two axes.
- Double and Quadruple Tourbillons: These watches don’t just feature a single tourbillon complication. They incorporate two or even four tourbillons into their design. An example of a watch with multiple tourbillons is the Greubel Forsey Quadruple Tourbillon.
- Classic Tourbillions: These feature a single rotating cage that holds the escapement and balance wheel to improve timekeeping accuracy by counteracting the effects of gravity.
- Flying Tourbillons: Unlike traditional tourbillons, flying tourbillons have a different mounting style. They are supported on one side only by a bridge or rooster, giving them a distinctive look.
Tourbillon watches showcase the artistry and precision of mechanical timepieces. Understanding their mechanics and their different variations can help you appreciate the craftsmanship and uniqueness of these exceptional watches.
